Hydrochloric Acid

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a highly corrosive, colorless liquid used in various industrial applications. Known for its strong acidity, it is essential in metal cleaning, ore processing, and pH regulation in food processing. Produced through the dissolution of hydrogen chloride in water, it plays a crucial role in many chemical processes.

Category: Chemicals

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a colorless, highly corrosive liquid with a pungent odor, characterized by its strong acidity with a pH around 0. It is produced through the dissolution of hydrogen chloride gas in water, creating a highly reactive and acidic solution.

Chemical Properties

Hydrochloric acid’s strong acidity and corrosive nature are due to its high concentration of hydrogen chloride. The primary manufacturing method involves dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water. This process ensures the production of hydrochloric acid suitable for various industrial applications.

Biological Significance

In the human body, hydrochloric acid functions as gastric acid, essential for food digestion, nutrient absorption, and maintaining stomach acidity.

Key Information

Formula: HCl
CAS Number: 7647-01-0

Hydrochloric acid is widely utilized across various industries due to its potent chemical properties. It is essential for:

Metal Cleaning: Removes rust and impurities from metal surfaces.
Ore Processing: Aids in extracting metals like iron and steel from ores.
Food Processing: Regulates pH levels, prevents bacterial growth, and is involved in producing food-grade additives like corn syrup.
Regeneration of Ion Exchangers: Used in the maintenance and regeneration of ion exchange systems.
Oil Production: Enhances extraction processes and refines crude oil.
Production of Inorganic Compounds: Vital in manufacturing various inorganic chemicals.
Pickling of Steel: Removes scale and impurities from steel surfaces.
Cleaning Stone and Tiles: Effective in removing metal stains and cleaning surfaces.
pH Control and Neutralization: Adjusts pH levels in various industrial processes.
Manufacturing Synthetic Rubber and Plastics: Key in the production of synthetic materials.

Hydrochloric acid’s versatility and effectiveness make it indispensable in these applications, contributing significantly to industrial efficiency and product quality.

Property	Units	Limit	Result	Test Method
HCl Min	%w/w	32	32-34	ISIRI 209
Fe Max	ppm	5	0.24	ISIRI 209
Density to 20 C Min	g/ml	1.150	1.157	ISIRI 209
SO24	ppm	100	10.31	ISIRI 209
Heavy Metals (Pb)	ppm	2	Low than detection limit	ISIRI 209
As	ppm	1	Low than detection limit	ISIRI 209
Cl & Br free	ppm	20	4.67	ISIRI 209
SO23	ppm	50	Low than detection limit	ISIRI 209
Hg	ppm	1	Low than detection limit	ISIRI 209
Cu	ppm	1	0.001	ISIRI 209
Pb	ppm	1	Low than detection limit	ISIRI 209

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong, highly corrosive acid that demands careful handling to ensure safety and prevent accidents. When working with hydrochloric acid, adhere to the following safety practices:

Protective Equipment: Always wear gloves, goggles, and lab coats to protect against skin and eye irritation.
Spill Response: In case of spills, neutralize hydrochloric acid using a weak base like baking soda or sodium hydroxide. Handle with caution as this process can generate heat or gas.
Storage: Store hydrochloric acid in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible substances such as oxidizers or organic materials. Ensure containers are properly labeled and tightly sealed.

By following these guidelines, you can mitigate risks and handle hydrochloric acid safely, protecting both personnel and the environment.