Sodium Hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is a powerful disinfectant and bleach with diverse industrial applications. It effectively eliminates harmful microorganisms in water treatment, sanitizes surfaces, and brightens textiles. Its high reactivity requires careful handling to avoid dangerous byproducts.

Category: Chemicals

Description

Sodium hypochlorite, with the chemical formula NaOCl, is a highly effective disinfectant and oxidizing agent. It plays a critical role in various industries due to its ability to eliminate harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and pathogens. This versatile compound is widely used in water treatment processes to ensure safe and clean water by neutralizing contaminants.

Production and Properties

Sodium hypochlorite is produced through the electrolysis of brine (saltwater), which involves passing an electric current through the solution to generate sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen gas. The production process yields a solution with approximately 15% available chlorine. The solution is then acidified and pH-adjusted to ensure stability and effectiveness.

Key Features

Chemical Formula: NaOCl
CAS Number: 7681-52-9
Disinfectant Properties: Effective against bacteria, viruses, and pathogens

Sodium hypochlorite is crucial in maintaining public health and hygiene across multiple sectors. Its robust disinfectant properties make it indispensable for water treatment, ensuring safe drinking water and effective sanitation.

Applications

Sodium hypochlorite, commonly known as bleach, is a highly versatile chemical with a broad range of applications across various industries. Renowned for its powerful disinfectant properties, sodium hypochlorite is essential for maintaining public health and hygiene.

Water Treatment and Disinfection: Sodium hypochlorite is extensively used in water treatment to ensure that public drinking water is free from harmful bacteria, viruses, and microorganisms. It is a key component in maintaining water quality and safety.
Cleaning and Sanitization: In residential and commercial settings, sodium hypochlorite is a popular choice for cleaning and sanitizing surfaces. It is used for disinfecting household surfaces, swimming pools, and cleanrooms, making it ideal for maintaining high hygiene standards.
Healthcare Facilities: Sodium hypochlorite solution is crucial in hospitals and healthcare facilities for disinfecting medical instruments, surfaces, and personal protective equipment (PPE), ensuring a sterile environment and reducing the risk of infections.
Industrial Uses: Beyond its disinfectant properties, sodium hypochlorite excels in bleaching and whitening applications. It is widely used in the paper, textile, and laundry detergent industries to brighten and whiten products. Additionally, it is an essential component in cleaning agents used in food processing.
Odor Removal and Stain Treatment: Sodium hypochlorite is effective in odor removal and stain removal from clothes, contributing to cleaner and fresher textiles.

Key Benefits

Bleaching: Enhances whiteness and brightness of textiles and paper products.
Water Purification: Ensures safe drinking water by eliminating harmful microorganisms.
Surface Purification: Provides effective cleaning and sanitization for various surfaces.
Odor Removal: Helps in neutralizing unpleasant odors.
Stain Removal: Efficient in removing stains from clothes.

Analysis

Physical & Chemical Properties	Compliant Range	Product Range	Standard Reference
Active Chlorine _%w/v	Min 12.5	15-16	INSO 2361
Total Chlorinw _%W/v	Min 12.5	Min 12.5	INSO 2361
Free Alkaline as NaOH _%w/v	Min 0.5	Min 0.5	INSO 2361
Density _%g/cm3	Min 1.20	Min 1.20	INSO 2361
Sodium Chlorate _%w/w	Max 0.7	Max 0.2	INSO 2361
Iron as mg/g	Max 3	Max 1	INSO 2361
Free Sodium Carbonate as Na2CO3 _%w/v	Max 1	Max 1	INSO 2361
Cobalt as mg/g	Max 0.5	Nil	INSO 2361
Copper as mg/g	Max 0.5	Nil	INSO 2361
Nickel as mg/g	Max 0.5	Max 0.1	INSO 2361
Mercury as mg/g	Max 0.1	Max 0.1	INSO 2361
Appearance	Yellow, Clear, Free of Sediment and Suspended Particles	Ok	INSO 2361

MSDS

Sodium hypochlorite is a powerful chemical with significant risks if not handled properly. As a highly corrosive substance, sodium hypochlorite solutions can cause severe damage to the skin and eyes, potentially resulting in burns and other injuries. Inhalation of high concentrations of sodium hypochlorite vapors can lead to serious respiratory issues and lung injuries.

Key Hazards

Corrosive Nature: Sodium hypochlorite can cause severe skin and eye burns upon contact.
Respiratory Risks: Exposure to vapors may lead to respiratory problems and lung damage.
Reactivity: Sodium hypochlorite is highly reactive and can form dangerous byproducts when mixed with other substances.

Dangerous Reactions

Toxic Gas Formation: Mixing sodium hypochlorite with ammonia or acids can produce toxic gases, such as chloramine and chlorine. These gases are highly poisonous and pose severe risks, including respiratory distress, lung injuries, blindness, and potentially death.
Chlorine Gas Release: Combining sodium hypochlorite with other cleaning agents can release chlorine gas, which is extremely toxic and can cause significant harm.

Safety Measures

Avoid Mixing: Never mix sodium hypochlorite with ammonia, acids, or other chemicals to prevent hazardous gas formation.
Use Protective Gear: Always use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling sodium hypochlorite.
Proper Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid inhaling vapors.

Understanding and respecting these hazards is crucial for safely managing sodium hypochlorite and preventing accidents. Always follow safety guidelines and handle this chemical with care.